Belonging in As You Like It Essay

The need to belong preempt ca engagement us to develop comforting relationships, powerful social groups, productive workplace teams, and inspiring ghostly and national bonds. But it can also be responsible for hurtful and damaging behaviour when those who be unable or unwilling to adapt ar withdrawd to conform or are all excluded. These two aspects of belonging are evident in Shakespeares As You wish It, and Kevin Costners get hold of Dances with Wolves and W. H. Audens satiric metrical composition The Unknown Citizen.Shakespeare makes us aware of the contrasting qualities of the ingrained harmonious woodwind (where everyone seems contented and loving) and the corrupt, pompous court, controlled by the usurper Duke Frederick with his use of symbolic juxtaposition and allusion to. His fury over his lady friends close relationship with Rosalind (the daughter of the displaced Duke Senior) reinforces their close bond. Celia describes the two of them with a harmonious image from the natural world coupled and inseparable.. like Junos swans.Dramatically, Shakespeare emphasises their closeness by including their good-hearted banter, and having them adopt disguises in the lead entrance the forest. Their supportive relationship gives them strength, so that instead of feeling grief as a result of their censure from court, they focus on the positive. Celias comments help us to see court and forest as double star opposites when she declares now go we in content to liberty and non to banishment. Shakespeare shows us how belonging in a close relationships can bring strength, but how this exclusivity may also be seen as a flagellum by others.Another text which shows a surprising response to exile is Kevin Costners Academy award-winning ingest Dances with Wolves. In it the main character, John Dunbar voluntarily exiles himself, leaving both his own white American culture, and also the intellectless Civil War that he had been fighting in, determined to see the west before it has gone. Even though he had been compelled by tradition, expectation and a sense of duty to officiate loyally, he perplexs himself drawn to establish stronger links with the Dakota Sioux Indians, who were commonly viewed as thieves and beggars.Like Celia in As You Like It, he does not view his exile as banishment, but as an opportunity to escape a restrictive and corrupt society in order to gain a sense of repositiondom and find spiritually re sassyal. In addition to Dunbars first person narration, the get hold of uses a number of mis-en-scene elements, such(prenominal) as costuming, dialogue and symbolic motifs to show the way John Dunbar is gradually accepted into the Sioux culture. Early in his exile, we see him dressed in full uniform, and hear him using military jargon as he describes burying excess ordinance and trying to mount an adequate defence.After his initial encounters with the Lakota Indians his new-found sense of belonging is evident as he begins t o speak their language, and is greeted courteously. A change of identity is indicated by his change appearance, as he becomes clean-shaven, begins wearing a red shirt and trades his army hat for a knife. The film shows a montage of incidents in which Dunbar adopts Sioux customs, such as eating raw buffalo heart. Dean Semler, the cinematograph-er, uses a red filter and passionate music to depict Dunbars sorrow when he is separated from his new friends.Finally, Dunbars assimilation into the Lakota culture is evident when he becomes able to speak fluently in Lakota, and move in love with Stands With a Fist. Id never known who John Dunbar was. But as I heard my Sioux name (Dances with Wolves) called out again and again, I knew who I really was. Costners film shows us that humans have a need for relationships, but that we can belong within numerous different relationships, groups and cultures.Just as Celia and Rosalind establish new relationships in exile and are not riotous by their exclusion from court, Dunbar is restored and fulfilled by his acceptance into a more meaningful and supportive Lakota culture. In contrast to Dunbars experiences of belonging, the character of Jaques in As You Like It shows us that belonging can be impossible for stack who are very independent and highly individual. Although he goes into exile willingly he does not accept Duke Seniors analogy that adversity, like the toad, ugly and venomous, Wears yet a treasured jewel in his head.For Jaques, unlike Dunbar, living in exile does not bring rewards and happiness. He insists that he loves to be miserable and to suck melancholy from a song as a weasel sucks testis. Shakespeares use of such images from nature is very effective in suggesting that, unlike most people, Jaques does not find the experience of world in exile with others either comfortable or necessary. This is evident from his use of highly emotive words to express his dislike of the world approximately him and his wish t o Cleanse the nauseous body of the infected world.Inevitably his critical, judgmental character makes him an outcast ridiculed for his tears for a weakened stag. Jaques depressive nature makes it difficult for him to view bread and butter positively as he reveals in his speech on the seven Ages of Man, which finishes with the tragically negative repetition of sans (meaning without) to emphasise the desperate plight of the elderly Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. When the opportunity arises to father to court, with Duke Senior reinstated, Jaques rejects the idea as he prefers to remain in the abandoned cave rather than reverting with the others to the trivial pomp of the court.His sense of moral superiority, his inflexibility and his preference for being sombre prevent him from valuing the caprice of belonging. Whereas characters like Jaques and Dunbar have the option of choosing whether to belong or not, the unknown citizen in W. H. Audens satiric poem has be en forced to fit in to a tightly run capitalist bureaucracy. The poem takes the form of a eulogy written on the tombstone of this perfect member of society, who is only known by his sequent number, JS/07 M 378.Auden adopts a formal, prosaic tone to praise the mans achievements when there was intermission, he was for peace When there was war, he went. The tone of congratulation is clear as the monument praises JSs life and praises him for being quite normal. In appearing to praise this saint Auden is actually mocking the way those around him in the 1930s blindly relinquished their individuality to the Greater Community and he condemns the consumer society which exerts so much control over its citizens. Audens oem is laced with irony as the monument extols the virtues of JS who had everything necessary to the new-made Man A phonograph, a radio, a car and a Frigidaire. In this capitalistic conservative society, people are valued for conformist behaviour. The ultimate irony is conv eyed in the patronising final lines Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd Had anything been wrong, we should certainly have heard. To belong in such a society, Auden suggests, requires people to abandon any search for freedom and happiness as these are, in the authorities view, unnoticeable and irrelevant.Whereas Shakespeare provides Jaques with the opportunity of maintaining his individuality by not belonging, Audens speculative vision of the world allows very bittie opportunity for those who choose not to belong. In contrast to the magical transformative qualities of the forest of Arden in which marriages and reunions abound, Audens sterilised society depicts the negative behaviour of mindless conformity where individual names are lost, and people are only valued if they can conform to the governments expectations.The need to belong can force us to adopt conformist behaviour, and can even force humans to live a life of deceit and pretence, as Jaques commented All t he worlds a stage and we are merely players. be can, on the other hand, provide us with comfort, security, affection and self-worth. The need to belong is certainly both a gift and a curse.